SDLC Of super market

Superior University Lahore

		Sahiwal Campus
Department:	Information Technology
Programme:	BS-IT
Course:	Fundamental Of IT (FIT)
Topic:	(System Development Life Cycle)-SDLC Of super market
Submitted to:	Sir Muhammad Saleem
Submitted by: Group#6 Members:	AMMAR ALEEM Participant 1:  RIZWAN YASIN Participant 2: WAQAS YAQOOB        {For more help shanich108@gmail.com}

        














Acknowledgement:

 would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher (Professor Mohammad Saleem) who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic (System Development Life Cycle work on Super Market), which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them. Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

Summary:

I research the project of SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE. This project increases our knowledge. I thanks our to our teacher who chose me for this project. This project is very interesting. I learnt many things for this project.

 

What is SDLC?

The systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-cycle, is a term used in systems engineering information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.

The systems development life-cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both.

 

Overview.

A systems development life cycle is composed of a number of clearly defined and distinct work phases which are used by systems engineers and systems developers to plan for, design, build, test, and deliver information system Like anything that is manufactured on an assembly line, an SDLC aims to produce high quality systems that meet or exceed customer expectations, based on customer requirements, by delivering systems which move through each clearly defined phase, within scheduled time-frames and cost estimates.

 Computer systems are complex and often (especially with the recent rise of service-oriented architecture) link multiple traditional systems potentially supplied by different software vendors. To manage this level of complexity, a number of SDLC models or methodologies have been created, such as waterfall spiral Agile software development rapid prototyping incremental and "synchronize and stabilize.

SDLC can be described along a spectrum of agile to iterative to sequential. Agile methodologies, such as XP and Scrum, focus on lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes (without necessarily following the pattern of SDLC approach) along the development cycle. Iterative methodologies, such as Rational Unified Process and dynamic systems development method, focus on limited project scope and expanding or improving products by multiple iterations.

 Sequential or big-design-up-front (BDUF) models, such as waterfall, focus on complete and correct planning to guide large projects and risks to successful and predictable results^,. Other models, such as anamorphic development, tend to focus on a form of development that is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations of feature development.

 

Phases.

The system development life cycle framework provides a sequence of activities for system designers and developers to follow. It consists of a set of steps or phases in which each phase of the SDLC uses the results of the previous one.

The SDLC adheres to important phases that are essential for developers, such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance are explained in the section below. It includes evaluation of present system, information gathering, and feasibility study and request approval.

A number of SDLC models have been created: waterfall, fountain, and spiral build and fix, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. The oldest of these, and the best known, is the waterfall model: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes the input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different ways, including the following.

Phase-1

Preliminary Analysis:

 The objective of phase 1 is to conduct a preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe costs and benefits and submit a preliminary plan with recommendations. Conduct the preliminary analysis: in this step, you need to find out the organization's objectives and the nature and scope of the problem under study. Even if a problem refers only to a small segment of the organization itself then you need to find out what the objectives of the organization itself are.

 Then you need to see how the problem being studied fits in with them. Propose alternative solutions: In digging into the organization's objectives and

specific problems, you may have already covered some solutions. Alternate proposals may come from interviewing employees, clients, suppliers, and/or consultants. You can

 

also study what competitors are doing. With this data, you will have three choices: leave the system as is, improve it, or develop a new system.

Phase-2

Systems Analysis:

 Defines project goals into defined functions and operation of the intended application. It is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and recommending improvements to the system. Analyzes end-user information needs and also removes any inconsistencies and incompleteness in these requirements.

A series of steps followed by the developer are.

1.   Collection of Facts:

 End user requirements are obtained through documentation, client interviews, observation and questionnaires,

2.   Scrutiny of the existing system:

 Identify pros and cons of the current system in-place, so as to carry forward the pros and avoid the cons in the new system.

3.   Analyzing the proposed system:

 Solutions to the shortcomings in step two are found and any specific user proposals are used to prepare the specifications.

Phase-3

System Design.

Based on the user requirements and the detailed analysis of a new system, the new system must be designed. This is the phase of system designing. It is the most crucial phase in the development of a system. The logical system design arrived at as a result of system analysis and is converted into physical system design.

 In the design phase the SDLC process continues to move from the what questions of the analysis phase to the how. The logical design produced during the analysis is turned into a physical design - a detailed description of what is needed to solve original problem. Input, output, databases, forms, codification schemes and processing specifications are drawn up in detail.

 In the design stage, the programming language and the hardware and software platform in which the new system will run are also decided. Data structure, control process, equipment source, workload and limitation of the system, Interface, documentation, training, procedures of using the system, taking backups and staffing requirement are decided at this stage.

Phase-4

System Implementation.

After having the user acceptance of the new system developed, the implementation phase begins. Implementation is the stage of a project during which theory is turned into practice. The major steps involved in this phase are:

·         Acquisition and Installation of Hardware and Software

·         Conversion

·         User Training

·         Documentation

The hardware and the relevant software required for running the system must be made fully operational before implementation.

 The conversion is also one of the most critical and expensive activities in the system development life cycle. The data from the old system needs to be converted to operate in the

 

new format of the new system. The database needs to be setup with security and recovery procedures fully defined.

During this phase, all the programs of the system are loaded onto the user’s computer. After loading the system, training of the user starts. Main topics of such type of training are:

·          

·         How to execute the package?

·         How to enter the data?

·         How to process the data (processing details)?

·         How to take out the reports?

After the users are trained about the computerized system, working has to shift from manual to computerized working. The process is called Changeover. The following strategies are followed for changeover of the system.

Phase -5

  

Testing.

Before actually implementing the new system into operations, a test run of the system is done removing all the bugs, if any. It is an important phase of a successful system. After codifying the whole programs of the system, a test plan should be developed and run on a given set of test data. The output of the test run should match the expected results. Sometimes, system testing is considered as a part of implementation process.

Using the test data following test run are carried out:

·         Program test

·         System test

Program Test:

When the programs have been coded and compiled and brought to working conditions, they must be individually tested with the prepared test data. All verification and validation be checked and any undesirable happening must be noted and debugged (error corrected).

System Test:

After carrying out the program test for each of the programs of the system and errors removed, then system test is done. At this stage the test is done on actual data. The complete system is executed on the actual data. At each stage of the execution, the results or output of the system is analyzed. During the result analysis, it may be found that the outputs are not matching the expected output of the system.

 In such case, the errors in the particular programs are identified and are fixed and further tested for the expected output. All independent modules be brought together and all the interfaces to be tested between multiple modules, the whole set of software is tested to establish that all modules work together correctly as an application or system or package.

When it is ensured that the system is running error-free, the users are called with their own actual data so that the system could be shown running as per their requirements.

Phase-6

Maintenance.

Maintenance is necessary to eliminate errors in the system during its working life and to tune the system to any variations in its working environments. It must meet the scope of any future enhancement, future functionality and any other added functional features to cope up with the latest future needs. It has been seen that there are always some errors found in the systems that must be noted and corrected. It also means the review of the system from time to time. The review of the system is done for:

•knowing the full capabilities of the system

•knowing the required changes or the additional requirements

•studying the performance.

If a major change to a system is needed, a new project may have to be set up to carry out the change. The new project will then proceed through all the above life cycle phases.

 

Super Market.                                             { For more Help shanich108@gmail.com}

                                                            OVERVIEW

A super market a large form of the traditional grocery store, is a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food and household products, organized into aisles. It is larger and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box market.

The traditional supermarket occupies a large amount of floor space, usually on a single level. It is usually situated near a residential area in order to be convenient to consumers. The basic appeal is the availability of a broad selection of goods under a single roof, at relatively low prices. Other advantages include ease of parking and frequently the convenience of shopping hours that extend into the evening or even 24 hours of day.

Supermarkets usually allocate large budgets to advertising, typically through newspapers. They also present elaborate in-shop displays of products. The shops are usually part of corporate chains that own or control (sometimes by franchise) other supermarkets located nearby—even transnational—thus increasing opportunities for economies of scale.

 

Example of Super Market.

(1)Azaan  Heights.

(2) Hyper Star.

System Development Life Cycle work on Super Market.

1): Planning.

Planning phase consists of different steps like as

Objective.

Location.

Product less price.

Target.

Timing.

1): Planning.

In planning phase we focus on different steps like as.

What to do?

(Aim) I am going to develop a super market in sahiwal city. My aim of developing a super market to provide all the home appliance, grocery food, clothing, café shopping facilities under the one roof. Customer comes here and buys the different things to their need without facing of many difficulties. Customer visit many market for purchase different things and waste a lot of important time of the day. I am developing a super market for the customer visit and purchase different things without wasting their important time.

When to do?

(Time) As you can understand by the name of this phase when to do? It’s mean waiting for the right time, like when you recognized the people need and you feel there is no resource to fulfill the need of customers that is the time to hit the market and to launch your best idea.

Where to do?

(Location) Starting the project of super market faculty choose the best location of the market where the market running the success when the market location is better where the customer can reach the easily. Faculty can select the location out of the city the customer cannot go down the market. Location is very important role in the super market. 

How to do?

(Way) In this step the management has to work out on all the possible ways .LIKE as

a) From where to purchase the material

b) Where to sale

c) How to facilitate

d) How to manage the all affairs

e) Financial Affairs

Here I would like to explain by the 4Ps which include.

1) Product
2) Price
3) Place
4) Promotion

1) Product.

In planning we have to first recognized the needs of the customers that what kind of the product they people needs. Like if we are going to launch the super market there we have the decided that how many products and what brands should and what quality to be offered in this place.

2) Price.
     After deciding the products we have to focus on the price strategies. Like price should be less than our competitors. If a retailer is giving the products in same price and same quality then the customers will move their instead of coming towards your Mall.

3) Place.

The place does matter because if you are going to launch such market in the village or no needy area then the products will not sell and you will be in loss. We have to follow the targeted market where a lot of buyers and sellers are present and the customers can easily accessible.

4) Promotion.
 For the promotion of the market you have to do high level marketing
By giving the special discount offers.
By doing CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities.

2): System Analysis.

In analysis phase we maintain the goods clothing and another things standard. Because one year maintain the goods standard after passing one year we can’t maintain the standard customer cannot visit the market and your project goes down to the lose.

Before build the project faculty says some satisfactoriness .After two year faculty cannot maintain the standard. Faculty wants to maintain the working of the market and providing the better environment and provide the many facilities. The customers automatically attract the market and satisfy the shopping here.

Phases.

Competitive price.

Faculty maintains the price of items. Because one item in local market available in less price and those items in super market are available in high price customer cannot choose the super market for shopping then the local market.

 

 Faculty wants to comparison between the local market and super market price and price equal and less the local market then customer automatically comes super market.

Saving of Time.

Super market can have save the time of customer although local market can waste the time of the customer because customer having shopping he visit many markets through different street. Although in super market customer can visit one shopping mall and can have buying different items in one place without wasting of time.

Facilities.

Faculty want to provide many facilities in the super market such as customer comes in super market faculty wants to provide the shopping ranks -computerized bill- better environment and better deals with customer.

Suitable working.

Faculty staff manager can have focus on the working of staff. Faculty manager can have knowledge the working of staff and another faculty and convey the staff for better working performance of the super market.

Publicity.

Publicity of the market is play important role for improvement of supermarket

Publicity with the help of Newspaper, Television Aids, Pamphlet etc.  

 

3): System Design.

(Infrastructure) In system designing can focus on the infrastructure. In design model can design   the modern type map of the super market .Engineer can have full focus on the build of super market. Engineer can have in the mind all the difficulties on the build the super market. The build infrastructure can have follow the all facilities of modern life. In infrastructure are build of better material. Before the build of super market Architect can design the map of super market different of many store and can follow the all natural activities.

4): System Implementation.

1).In implementation do act on chosen strategies
2).Act on what they decided
3).Act on the suggestion
4).Act on the recommendation

Act upon your strategies.

In which owner of super market can full focus on better strategies who build for the increment level of the market. Working of super market can work on your strategies you can also running the super market in good way.

 

Act on what they decided.

Owner of super market can thoughts many ideas for success of super market that way I’m chose for successful of our market which ideas I’m decide can running our market goes down for profit.

Act on suggestion.

Act on suggestion means’ that you can also collect the suggestion for the maintain the market. Owner can also collect the suggestion on the requirement of the customer. Owner can know the customer requirement and full fill his suggestion.   

5): System Testing.

All verification and validation be checked and any undesirable happening must be noted and debugged (error corrected).
Testing is procedures in which you test your products take the feedback from the public or consumers, as you can take them.

Example of Google car.
Google has introduced the auto driver car and before launching in the market they give it to some specific customers for testing it.
Another Example of biscuits which is given as free sample to take the suggestions.

6): System Maintenance.

1) To maintain the quality.
2) Maintain output.
3) Environments.

To maintain the Quality.

In super market quality product is play very important role in sell. If the product is better standard can increase the sell of the market. And your business can move to the profit.

 

If the product quality is low standard can directly effect on the sell of the market and your business goes down to the loss. So quality product play very important in super market.

Maintain output.

Output maintenance is important in super market because output is better customer can automatically came to the super market for shopping because your supermarket can better output performance with others market customer can satisfied for supermarket output performance.

Environment.

If the any super market can have better environment can goes down to the profit. Because you can build better environment you can easily gain your target. And supermarket faculty can also provide better environment and facility customer can automatically attract your shopping mall. Different step are involve for creating better environment such that educated staff, neatness, good facilities etc.

for more help        Shan ch (03447095485)